1 Possible Upper limits on Lorentz Factors in High Energy Astrophysical Processes

Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous physical phenomena in the universe. The relativistic effect on the blast wave associated with the GRB introduces the gamma factor. Here we put an upper limit on the gamma factor via constraints on maximal power allowed by general relativity and hence set upper limits on other observable quantities such as deceleration distance. Also upper limits are set on the high energy particle radiation due to constraints set by cosmic microwave background radiation. GRBs consist of flashes of gamma rays that last from seconds to hours, and it is now believed that the long-duration bursts (> 2 sec) are associated with the beamed energy from a specific kind of hypernova event. [1, 2] During the explosion a blast wave is generated which pushes the fragments at very high speeds. The energy associated with the blast waves is given by. 232