www.ann-geophys.net/24/915/2006/ © European Geosciences Union 2006

Abstract. We have presented a comparison between the modeled NmF2 and hmF2, and NmF2 and hmF2, which were observed in the low-latitude ionosphere simultaneously by the Kokubunji, Yamagawa, Okinawa, Manila, Vanimo, and Darwin ionospheric sounders, by the middle and upper at-mosphere (MU) radar during 17–22 March 1990, and by the Arecibo radar for the time period of 20–22 March 1990. A comparison between the electron and ion temperatures mea-sured by the MU and Arecibo radars and those produced by the model of the ionosphere and plasmasphere is pre-sented. The empirical zonal electric field, the meridional neutral wind taken from the HWM90 wind model, and the NRLMSISE-00 neutral temperature and densities are cor-rected so that the model results agree reasonably with the ionospheric sounder observations, and the MU and Arecib