STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE

At one time, communities were designed to accommodate pedestrians and walking was the preferred mode of transportation for most Americans. With the advent of the automobile, federal investment in the highway system, the decentralization of metropolitan areas and the movement of families to the suburbs, the built environment is increasingly designed to accommodate cars. Development trends have contributed to car-dependent, low-density suburban areas that require residents to travel farther to meet basic needs. Land-use policy in much of the 20th century, likewise, greatly reduced walkability. More recently, concerns about urban sprawl and the environment, however, have contributed to a renewed interest in walking and in walkable neighborhoods. The infrastructure in pedestrian-friendly areas is designed to promote walking and biking. Often located near city centers, walkable neighborhoods are characterized by high density, mixed income and mixed-use space with affordable housing and access to public transit, restaurants, schools, businesses and parks. They are vibrant areas with visually-appealing landscape and architecture that enhance the walking experience. Complete streets, adequate lighting and sufficient numbers of other pedestrians allow walkers to move easily and feel safe in walkable areas. More than just a pleasant experience, walkable neighborhoods contribute to a sense of community. Areas with active pedestrian activity create opportunities for “casual contact ” with neighbors on sidewalks, at nearby park