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This work should be cited as: Chenery, C., G. Muldner, et al. (2010). "Strontium and stable isotope evidence for diet and mobility in Roman Gloucester, UK. " Journal of Archaeological Science 37(1): 150-163. This paper presents the results of an isotopic investigation of population and dietary diversity in Roman Gloucester, focusing on individuals found in a late 2nd century AD mass burial pit at London Road, and comparing them to those found in the nearby cemetery. There were no statistical differences in isotopic composition between mass grave and cemetery burials, suggesting, in agreement with the osteological evidence, that the mass burial was the result of a catastrophic event, probably an epidemic disease. Strontium and oxygen isotope analysis demonstrated considerable diversity in the origins of the Gloucester population, with evidence for both UK and non-UK individuals. Diet was predominately terrestrial and similar to that of other Romano-British populations. Elevated 13 Cdentine ratios in some individuals are correlated with raised 18 Op values and are therefore probably due to childhoods spent in warmer climates, rather than dietary variation. Given the geological complexity of the Gloucester area, this study also provides new biospher