1. Exposure Data

Ginkgo biloba is one of the world’s oldest living tree species. It has survived for more than 200 million years and has become popular as an ornamental tree in parks, gardens and city streets. Originating from China, Ginkgo biloba is now found all over the world (Gilman & Watson, 1993; ABC, 2000). Ginkgo seeds can be cooked and eaten as food. They have also been adopted in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. Some of the historical ethnomed-ical applications of ginkgo leaf extract include the treatment of a variety of ailments and condi-tions, such as asthma, bronchitis, and fatigue (Rai et al., 1991). Nowadays, ginkgo leaf extracts are promoted for the improvement of memory, to treat or help prevent Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia, and to decrease inter-mittent claudication (Kleijnen & Knipschild