The Indian monsoon also known as the South Asian monsoon is

an important feature of the climate system, marked by seasonal reversals in the wind direction with southwesterly winds in summer and northeasterly winds in winter. The summer monsoon plays an important role in global hydrological and carbon cycles, and affects climate and societies over a large part of Asia between 35oN and 10oS. The monsoon is the lifeline to the people of Asia as region’s food production and water supply are largely dependent on the summer monsoon rains. Thus the Indian monsoon constitutes a critical resource for the region’s largely agrarian economies. Considerable efforts have been made toward high resolution (high density sampling of the marine cores) reconstruction of proxy records of monsoon that have helped in the understanding of monsoon evolution, its variability over various time scales, and forcing factors that drive the monsoon on orbital and sub-orbita