TRAFFIC IMPACT MODELS BY SIA ARDEKANI 10

0 = fuel consumption per unit distance 7 = parameter a = instantaneous acceleration rate (a>0, km/hr/sec) A = acceleration rate AADT = average annual daily traffic (vehicles/day) ACCT = acceleration time ADT = average daily traffic (vehicles/day) C1 = average peak hour concentration C8 = annual maximum 8-hour concentration CLT = Deceleration time d = average stopped delay per vehicle (secs)s E = Engine size (cm)3 EFI = idle emission factor EFL = intersection link composite emission factor f = instantaneous fuel consumption (mL/sec) F = fuel consumed (lit/km) [Watson, et al model] F = average fuel consumption per roadway section (mL) [Akcelik model] f = fuel consumption rate while cruising (mL/km)1 f = fuel consumption rate while idling (mL/sec)2 f = excess fuel consumption per vehicle stop (mL)3 f = steady-state fuel consumption rate at cruising speed (mL/km)c h = average number of stops per vehicle K = parameter representing idle flow rate (mL/sec)1 K = parameter representing fuel consumption to overcome rolling resistance2 K,K = parameters related to fuel consumption due to positive acceleration4 5 L = payload (Kg) LQU = queue length m = expected number of single-vehicle accidents per unit time NDLA = vehicles delayed per cycle per lane P = probability of a single-vehicle accident PKE = positive kinetic energy q = flow (vph) q = flow rate of type i vehicles (vph) i S = speed SPD = cruise speed T = average travel time per unit distance u = model parameter related to driving conditions V = average speed (km/hr) [Elemental model] V = instantaneous speed (km/hr) [Akcelik and Bayley model] V = steady-state cruising speed (km/hr)c V = final speed (km/hr)f V = initial speed (km/hr)i VMT = vehicle miles of travel V = space mean speed (km/hr)s VSP = at-rest vehicle spacin