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Human behavior is a major factor modulating the con-sequences of road tunnel accidents. We investigated the effect of information and instruction on drivers’ behavior as well as the usability of virtual environ-ments to simulate such emergency situations. Tunnel safety knowledge of the general population was as-sessed using an online questionnaire, and tunnel safety behavior was investigated in a virtual reality experi-ment. Forty-four participants completed three drives through a virtual road tunnel and were confronted with Digital Peer Publishing Licence Any party may pass on this Work by electronic means and make it available for download under the terms and conditions of the current version of the Digital Peer Publishing Licence (DPPL). The text of the licence may be accessed and retrieved via Internet a