Peer-Reviewed

Water demand forecasting is a tool that utilities use for a variety of purposes including capacity planning, budget year planning, and rate design. Forecasts also play a role in preparing for the possibility of water shortages (Wei et al. 2010, Kenward & Howard 1999). In evaluating various alternative demand-management policies, estimates of the water savings that are likely to accrue from specific initiatives may serve as useful decision-making tools (Levin et al. 2006, Froukh 2001). When drought conditions are expected, short-term forecasts can help determine the need for policies such as watering restrictions or temporary surcharges, as well as the appropriate timing of implementation (Fullerton & Elías 2004, Maidment et al. 1985). Thus, simulations of future water consumption dynamics can aid policymakers in targeting conservation measures for optimal effectiveness (Memon & Butler 2006)