Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality

suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cardiovascu-lar disease and cancer. However, several trials of high-dosage vitamin E supplementation showed non–statistically significant in-creases in total mortality. Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of the dose–response rela-tionship between vitamin E supplementation and total mortality by using data from randomized, controlled trials. Patients: 135 967 participants in 19 clinical trials. Of these trials, 9 tested vitamin E alone and 10 tested vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals. The dosages of vitamin E ranged fro