OR

Laboratory confirmation of infection in the absence of recent immunization[1] with rubella-containing vaccine: Isolation of rubella virus from an appropriate clinical specimen (e.g., urine, nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab, CSF)[2] OR Detection of rubella virus nucleic acid (e.g., PCR) in an appropriate clinical sample (e.g., urine, nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab, viral isolate)[2] OR Seroconversion or a significant difference between acute and convalescent rubella IgG antibody level by any standard serologic assay OR Positive serologic test for rubella-specific IgM antibody using a recommended assay[3] in a person with an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed case or who has recently travelled to an area of known rubella activity OR Clinical illness[4] in a person who is epidemiologically linked to a laboratory confirmed case. *This probable case definition is provided as a guideline to assist with case finding and public health management, and should not be reported to AHW. Probable Case* Clinical illness[4]: in the absence of appropriate laboratory test