Novel Blood Biomarkers of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer Iman Osman,1Dean F. Bajorin,2 Tung-Tien Sun,1Hong Zhong,1Diah Douglas,1Joseph Scattergood,2

Abstract Purpose: Recent data indicate that cDNA microarray gene expression profile of blood cells can reflect disease states and thus have diagnostic value.We tested the hypothesis that blood cell gene expression candifferentiate betweenbladder cancer andother genitourinary cancers aswell as between bladder cancer and healthy controls. Experimental Design:We used Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) to profile circulating blood total RNA from 35 patients diagnosed with one of three types of genitourinary cancer [bladder cancer (n = 16), testicular cancer (n = 10), and renal cell carcinoma (n = 9)] and compared their cDNA profiles with those of 10 healthy subjects.We then verified the expression levels of selected genes from theAffymetrix results in a larger number of bladder cancer patients (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 27). Results:Blood gene expression profiles distinguished bladder cancer patients fromhealthy con-trols and from testicular and renal cancer patients. Differential expression of a combined set of seven gene transcripts (insulin-like growth factor ^ bindingprotein 7, sortingnexin16, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 6, and cathepsinD, chromodomain helicaseDNA-bindingprotein 2, nell-like 2, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7) was able to discriminate bladde