Analyzing Energy-Efficiency and RouteSelection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs

Abstract—The advent and development in the field of Wire-less Sensor Networks (WSNs) in recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capa-bilities. These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more effective communication. This research is motivated to have an in-sight that which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol. MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the perfor-mance of LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multi-hop LEACH. Keywords-Clustering, energy minimization, route-path selec-tion, sensor nodes. I