Adult temperament

Moderation effect ed bser-to-Results indicated that children’s problem behaviors were related to less maternal positivity and more negativity. In addition, observed maternal negativity was associated with less maternal effortful control lity an n abou ecifica parenting (Clark et al., 2000) but also more parental warmth (Mangelsdorf, Gunnar, Kestenbaum, Lang, & Andreas, 1990). In a recent meta-analytic review, Prinzie and colleagues investigated the associations between Big Five personality factors and three dimensions of parenting (Prinzie et al., 2009). They found that higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness and lower levels of neuroticism were all related to behavior also has art the complex al differen nds of beh and emotional responses from their parents (e.g., Scarr, The child characteristics of most interest are behavior pr (Atzaba-Poria, Pike & Deater-Deckard, 2004; Clark et al., Kochanska, 1993). These behavior problems include reactive nega-tive emotionality, opposition and noncompliance, hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression—all of which have been shown to be moderately associated with harsher and less warm caregivin