Frequency Control and Wind Turbine Technologies

Abstract—Increasing levels of wind generation has resulted in an urgent need for the assessment of their impact on frequency con-trol of power systems. Whereas increased system inertia is intrin-sically linked to the addition of synchronous generation to power systems, due to differing electromechanical characteristics, this in-herent link is not present in wind turbine generators. Regardless of wind turbine technology, the displacement of conventional genera-tion with wind will result in increased rates of change of system fre-quency. The magnitude of the frequency excursion following a loss of generation may also increase. Amendment of reserve policies or modification of wind turbine inertial response characteristics may be necessary to facilitate increased levels of wind generation. This is particularly true in small isolated power systems. Index Terms—Frequency control, power system control, power system security, wind energy, wind power generation. NOMENCLATURE Swept area of wind turbine (). Blade pitch ()