Development of intra- and intergroup judgments in the context of moral and social-conventional norms

Children and adolescents evaluated group inclusion and exclusion in the context of generic and group-specific norms involving morality and social conventions. Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, judged an in‐group member’s decision to deviate from the norms of the group, whom to include, and whether their personal preference was the same as what they expected a group should do. Deviating from in‐group moral norms about unequal allocation of resources was viewed more positively than deviating from conventional norms about nontraditional dress codes. With age, participants gave priority to group-specific norms and differentiated what the group should do from their own preference about the group’s decision, revealing a developmental picture about children’s complex understanding of group dynamics and group norms. In childhood, the motivation to present one’s in‐group positively sets the stage for intergroup pre-judice, defined as negative attitudes toward mem-bers of an out‐group (Killen & Rutland, 2011; Nesdale, 2004). As with adults, children demonstrate intergroup bias and are motivated to enhance group distinctiveness by favoring their own group (e.g.