Some have claimed that referee and home-field bias in football (American soccer) have been impacted by the fans at the match. When fans are hostile, the threat referees feel to their health and well-being influences their ability to call a fair match. We analyze two leagues with differing fan types: one ‘hostile ’ league (Germany’s Bundesliga) and one league perceived as ‘peaceful’ (America’s Major League Soccer). Although there is a strong home-field bias inherent in football, we find evidence that part of the bias is due to the prospect of fan violence
4noThe home advantage and the subconscious referee bias regularly occur in professional sports, part...
We investigate to what extent crowd support contributes to the home advantage in soccer, disentangli...
Past studies have indicated that multiple factors may influence sport referees' decisions, such as p...
We use ghost matches induced by Covid19 in the Bundesliga, Germany’s top two football (soccer) divis...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (a.k.a. soccer) leagues played the remaining s...
In this paper, we test for, and find evidence of, referee bias in favor of home teams in European fo...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form of cau...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, inthe form of caut...
This paper studies how social pressure affects the behavior of soccer referees. We make use of an at...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form of ca...
This paper studies how social pressure affects the behavior of soccer referees. We make use of an at...
It is well documented that home field advantage is a significant determinant of team success. The sp...
The aim of this investigation was to examine the decision making behavior of soccer officials (refer...
4noThe home advantage and unconscious referee bias are two well-documented phenomena in professional...
Abstract The fans’ importance in sports is acknowledged by the term ‘the 12th man’, a figurative ext...
4noThe home advantage and the subconscious referee bias regularly occur in professional sports, part...
We investigate to what extent crowd support contributes to the home advantage in soccer, disentangli...
Past studies have indicated that multiple factors may influence sport referees' decisions, such as p...
We use ghost matches induced by Covid19 in the Bundesliga, Germany’s top two football (soccer) divis...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (a.k.a. soccer) leagues played the remaining s...
In this paper, we test for, and find evidence of, referee bias in favor of home teams in European fo...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form of cau...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, inthe form of caut...
This paper studies how social pressure affects the behavior of soccer referees. We make use of an at...
The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form of ca...
This paper studies how social pressure affects the behavior of soccer referees. We make use of an at...
It is well documented that home field advantage is a significant determinant of team success. The sp...
The aim of this investigation was to examine the decision making behavior of soccer officials (refer...
4noThe home advantage and unconscious referee bias are two well-documented phenomena in professional...
Abstract The fans’ importance in sports is acknowledged by the term ‘the 12th man’, a figurative ext...
4noThe home advantage and the subconscious referee bias regularly occur in professional sports, part...
We investigate to what extent crowd support contributes to the home advantage in soccer, disentangli...
Past studies have indicated that multiple factors may influence sport referees' decisions, such as p...