A Deep Interpretation of Classifier Chains

Abstract. In the “classifier chains ” (CC) approach for multi-label clas-sification, the predictions of binary classifiers are cascaded along a chain as additional features. This method has attained high predictive perfor-mance, and is receiving increasing analysis and attention in the recent multi-label literature, although a deep understanding of its performance is still taking shape. In this paper, we show that CC gets predictive power from leveraging labels as additional stochastic features, contrasting with many other methods, such as stacking and error correcting output codes, which use label dependence only as kind of regularization. CC methods can learn a concept which these cannot, even supposing the same base classifier and hypothesis space. This leads us to connections with deep learning (indeed, we show that CC is competitive precisely because it is a deep learner), and we employ deep learning methods – showing that they can supplement or even replace a classifier chain. Results are convincing, and throw new insight into promising future directions.