A Study on Wind Frequency Control under High Wind Penetration on an NPCC System Model

Abstract—Increased penetration levels of wind generation and retirements of conventional plants have caused concerns about a decline of system inertia and primary frequency response. To evaluate the impact of wind power on the system inertial response, simulation scenarios with different wind penetration levels are developed in PSS®E based on the U.S. Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) system. A user-defined electrical control model is also introduced to provide inertia and governor control to the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)– based wind generations. An extreme case of 100 % renewable resources including 90 % wind and 10 % hydro generations is considered in this study and simulation results demonstrate that wind power has significant impact on system inertial response and is also promising in providing primary frequency supports. Index Terms—Inertial response, primary frequency response, variable-speed wind generator, wind frequency control I