BBrownian motion of graphene

he random motion of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid was first observed in the late eighteenth century and goes by the name of Brownian motion (BM).1 This was ascribed to thermal agitation from the surrounding molecules,2 leading to Einstein’s predictions of the re-sulting particle displacements.3 BM is ubiq-uitous throughout physical, chemical, and biological sciences and even finance. Such random fluctuations can be harnessed to produce directed motion.4 It was also sug-gested that thermally activated BM may be responsible for the movement of molecular motors, such as myosin and kinesin.