I would like to acknowledge all the people who have made this work possible. First, I thank my advisor Dan Scheeres for lending his encouragement, patience, and expertise throughout my graduate studies. I am also very grateful for the numerous opportunities he created for my personal and professional growth over the years. I would also like to thank my parents for their steadfast support of my personal and academic pursuits over the years and for (literally) making all of this possible. I will always be grateful to all the teachers at Saint Louis School and the University of Michigan who helped me to get where I am today. I also thank the members of my committee for taking time from their busy schedules to work with me on this dissertation....