Rotation of Phase Difference in Four Coupled Oscillators as a Regular Tetrahedron Form

Abstract—Coupled oscillatory systems are suitable to express synchronization phenomena, and it is important to unveil nonlin-ear phenomena. In this study, we investigate the synchronization phenomena observed in four coupled van der Pol oscillators as a regular tetrahedron form. We observe the rotation of the phase difference between anti-phase state and asynchonization state. Furthermore, the sojourn time of the anti-phase states is calculated. I