The In°uence of Large-Scale Circulation on the Summer Hydrological Cycle in the Haihe River Basin of China¤

In this study, we focus on changes in three important components of the hydrological-cycle in the Haihe River basin (HRB) during 1957{2005: precipitation (Prep), actual evaportranspiration (ETa), and pan evaporation (PE) { a measure of potential evaporation. The changes in these components have been evaluated in relation to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon. Summer Prep for the whole basin has decreased signi¯cantly during 1957{2005. Recent weakening of the convergence of the integrated water vapor °ux, in combination with a change from cyclonic-like large-scale circulation conditions to anti-cyclonic-like conditions, led to the decrease in the summer Prep in the HRB. ETa is positively correlated with Prep on the interannual timescale. On longer timescales, however, ETa is less dependent on Prep or the large-scale circulation. We found negative trends in ETa when the ERA40 reanalysis data were used, but positive trends in ETa when the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were used. PE declined during the period 1957{2001. The declining of PE could be explained by a combination of declining solar radiation and declining surface wind. However, the declining solar radiation may itself be related to the weakening winds, due to weaker dispersion of pollution. If so, the downward trend of PE may be mainly caused by weakening winds