REVIEW ARTICLE Biogerontology: from here to where? The Lord Cohen Medal Lecture-2011

Abstract Ageing is a progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space and, at the molecular level, it is associated with the stochastic occurrence and pro-gressive accumulation of molecular damage. Imper-fection of the maintenance and repair systems results in the failure of homeodynamics characterized by increased molecular heterogeneity, altered cellular functioning, reduced stress tolerance and reduced remodeling and adaptation, which lead to increased probability of diseases and eventual death. Although, several types of molecular damages have been shown to accumulate and increase molecular heterogeneity during ageing, its relevance and significance with respect to the physiology, survival and longevity remains to be determined. Such studies are essential for establishing biomarkers of health, frailty, remod-eling and adaptation, and for developing effective methods for the prevention and reversion of age-related changes. A promising strategy for ageing intervention and modulation is that of strengthening the homeodynamics through repeated mild stress-induced hormesis by physical, biological and nutri-tional hormetins. Because a number of ethical, social, and personal implications emerge by the develop-ment and use of anti-ageing and life-extending technologies, biogerontologists should incorporate these elements while developing their research agenda in biogerontology