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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com iroverabundant populations. Much recent work has focused on identifying sensory mechanisms underlying behavior, particularly those that may have demographic conse-quences and, in recent years, those that act at the interface of anthropogenically-driven rapid environmental change. Why a mechanistic view? From an applied perspective, mechanisms can be viewed as levers that can be used to modify behavioral or demo-graphic outcomes. Historically, wildlife managers have has been studied by looking for life history and natural history correlates of mortality as well as by identifying sensory mechanisms involved in detecting and fleeing from rapidly approaching objects. For instance, Cook and Blumstein [9] found that omnivorous mammals and her-bivorous birds were more likely to be killed by cars. But mechanistic approaches that focus on animals ’ sensory physiology are particularly promising because they, some-what uniquely, offer the promise of developing effective mitigation strategies. www.sciencedirect.com Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 2015, 6:13–18Understanding sensory mechan effective conservation and man