the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Manpower,

The full policy implications of the Com-mon Core State Standards (CCSS) for Math-ematics and English Language Arts K-12 are just beginning to unfold across the 45 states (and DC) that are working to implement them. The CCSS will impact almost all key state education policies in fundamental ways. As we learned from the 1990-2005 era of sys-temic state standards-based reform, when academic standards change, so do policies related to student assessment and school accountability. Moreover, many other spe-cific policies (see Figure 1 below) must be aligned and harmonized, including state cur-riculum frameworks, instructional materials