STATISTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TRADE-OFFS IN ESTIMATION OF SPARSE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

In recent years, Sparse Principal Component Analysis has emerged as an extremely popular dimension reduction technique for high-dimensional data. The theoretical challenge, in the simplest case, is to estimate the leading eigenvector of a population covariance matrix under the assumption that this eigenvector is sparse. An impressive range of estimators have been proposed; some of these are fast to compute, while others are known to achieve the minimax optimal rate over certain Gaussian or subgaussian classes. In this paper we show that, under a widely-believed assumption from computational complexity theory, there is a fundamental trade-off between statisti-cal and computational performance in this problem. More precisely, working with new, larger classes satisfying a Restricted Covariance Concentration condition, we show that there is an effective sample size regime in which no randomised polynomial time algorithm can achieve the minimax optimal rate. We also study the theoretical per-formance of a (polynomial time) variant of the well-known semidef