Plane strain

ent land plasticity model accounting for the effect of fabric and its evolution is used in the finite element analysis bserve ilure o ards s These studies identified the following key factors which influence and the drainage conditions. However, relatively less attention has been paid to the correlation of strain localization with the pres-ence of fabric and its evolution in sand. The fabric in sand, or the so-call internal structure of sand attributable to the sand particle orientation, contact normal distribution and void space distribu-tion, has been widely regarded to affect the key behavior of sand including dilatancy, liquefaction and critical state, and may of shear band depends crucially on the initial fabric orienta bric in san rent defor stages of sand. The change of internal structure in soil due to evolution may apparently affect the initiation and developm shear band. This has indeed been proved by micromechanics studies including distinct element simulations (e.g., Bardet an