THE EFFECT OF WOOD AND TEMPERATURE ON JUVENILE COHO SALMON WINTER MOVEMENT, GROWTH, DENSITY AND SURVIVAL IN SIDE-CHANNELS

In British Columbia, side-channels have been built to compensate for lost salmonid habitat. Most are structurally simple with little in-stream wood; however, they support high densities of juvenile coho salmon. We longitudinally divided in halves the top 100 m of two dead-end artificial side-channels, one side-channel with low winter water temperatures (surface-fed) and one with relatively higher water temperatures (groundwater-fed), closed the downstream end of each side-channel with two-way traps, and treated only one half of each channel with bundles of wood. Trapped fish were marked daily and coho salmon movement, growth and smolt output were monitored for two years. Wood addition increased juvenile coho winter carrying capacity and spring smolt output only in the ‘colder ’ surface-fed side-channel. In contrast, in the groundwater-fed side-channel, with relatively higher water temperatures, the wood treatment slightly reduced the channel’s carrying capacity and the spring output of coho salmon smolts. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS: instream wood; coho salmon; smolt production; winter survival; off-channel habita