Add to ORKGMark Heller [5] has recently put forward a spirited defence of the ‘relevant alternatives ’ (RA) theory of knowledge which attempts to defuse two common contextualist objections.1 In meeting these objections, however, Heller modifies the RA account along contextualist lines. It is argued here that by adapting the view in this way, Heller is thereby left with a theory that incorporates problematic aspects from both accounts. As is well-known, the RA approach to knowledge entails the denial of the closure principle, and thus permits a rather elegant response to the sceptic. For our purposes, closure can be formulated as the claim that if one knows a proposition, p, and knows that p entails a second proposition, q, then one knows q.2 The scept...