Tribal Fish

restoring habitat and life history connectivity for native anadromous salmon and resident fish into and within the upper Columbia River pursuant to a modernized Columbia River Treaty. Restoring fish passage should be investigated and implemented as a key element of integrating the ecosystem into the Treaty. Anadromous fish reintroduction is critical to restoring indigenous peoples ’ cultural, harvest, and spiritual values, and first foods taken through bilateral river development for power and flood risk management. Reintroduction is also an important facet for ecosystem function adaptation to climate change as updated research indicates that only the Canadian portion of the basin will be snowmelt-dominated in the future; conditions to which salmon are adapted. This trans-boundary reintroduction proposal focuses on adult and juvenile fish passage at Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams in the U.S. and at Hugh Keenleyside, Brilliant, and Waneta dams in Canada. Reintroduction would occur incrementally, beginning with a series of preliminary planning, research, and experimental pilot studies designed to inform subsequent reintroduction and passage strategies. Long-term elements of salmon reintroduction would be adaptable and include permanent passage facilities, complemented by habitat improvement, artificia