INTERVENTION

In previous work we have shown that in Britain and Sweden alike parental class, parental status and parental education have independent effects on individuals ’ educational attainment. In this paper we extend our analyses, first, by including also measures of individuals ’ early-life cognitive ability and, second, by bringing our results for Britain and Sweden into direct comparative form. On the basis of extensive birth-cohort data for both countries, we find that, when cognitive ability is introduced into our analyses, parental class, status and education continue to have significant, and in fact only moderately reduced and largely persisting, effects on the educational attainment of members of successive cohorts. There is some, limited evidence for Britain, but not for Sweden, that cognitive ability has itself a declining effect on educational attainment, and a further cross-national difference is that in Britain, but not in Sweden, some positive interaction effects occur between advantaged social origins and high cognitive ability in relation to educational success. Overall, though, cross-national similarities are most apparent, and especially in the extent to which parental class, status and education, when taken together, create wide disparities in the eventual educational attainmen