Abstract

We provide the first records for the Iberian Peninsula of Potamogeton schweinfurthii A. Benn., a species distributed mainly in Africa that was not discovered in Europe until 2005, where it is assumed to be indigenous but it has generally been confused with P. lucens. The Iberian specimens, which for the most part are from recent collections, have been identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular studies. We have detected 8 localities, 4 in the northeastern area of the Peninsula (Catalonia and Navarra) and 4 from the West (south and north of Portugal and west-ern Andalusia). Our studies show that it is a very rare species on a region-al level. Although it is a mainly tropical and subtropical species, we have found that P. schweinfurthii (both natural populations and those cultiva-ted) has a high tolerance to climates with severe winters and frequent frosts. The large proportion of populations found in anthropogenic habi-tats, and the fact that most European records are from the past half-cen-tury, suggest that P. schweinfurthii may have experienced a recent expan-sion favoured by the construction of large number of artificial water bod-ies in the Mediterranean region. This raises the possibility that P. schwein-furthii in Europe is a species that forms temporary populations and has a naturally unstable area