Optical networ...

Today’s Transparent Optical Networks (TONs) are highly vulnerable to various physical-layer attacks, such as high-power jamming, which can cause severe service disruption or even service denial. The transparency of TONs enables certain attacks to propagate through the network, not only increasing their damage proportions, but also making source identification and attack localization more difficult. High-power jamming attacks causing in-band crosstalk in switches are amongst the most malicious of such attacks. In this paper, we propose a wavelength assignment scheme to reduce their damage assuming limited attack propagation capabilities. This complements our previous work in [Furdek et al., 2010] where we investigated infinite jamming attack propagation to find an upper bound on the network vulnerability to such attacks. Here, we consider a more realistic scenario where crosstalk attacks can spread only via primary and/or secondary attackers and define new objective criteria for wavelength assignment, called the PAR (Primary Attack Radius) and SAR (Secondary Attack Radius), accordingly. We formulate the problem variants as integer linear programs (ILPs) with the objectives of minimizing the PAR and SAR values. Due to the intractability of the ILP formulations, for larger instances we propose GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure) heuristic algorithms to fin