© Images courtesy of Daniel Einstein Multiscale Modeling in Computational

iomechanics is broadly defined as the scientific disci-pline that investigates the effects of forces acting on and within biological structures. The realm of biome-chanics includes the circulatory and respiratory sys-tems, tissue mechanics and mechanotransduction, and the musculoskeletal system and motor control. As in many other biological phenomena, many spatial scales are crossed by bio-mechanics research: intracellular, multicellular, and extracellu-lar matrices; and tissue, organ, and multiorgan systems. It is well established that the effect of forces at higher scales influ-ence behavior at lower scales and that lower-scale properties influence higher-scale response. However, computational me-thods that incorporate these interactions in biomechanics are relatively rare. In general, computational models that include representation of multiple spatial or temporal scales are loosel