A 88-dB DR, 84-dB SNDR Very Low-Power Single Op-Amp Third-Order Modulator

delta modulator suitable for portable sensor systems is described. The architecture uses only one operational amplifier working in a time-interleaved fashion. The architecture employs swing reduction techniques to limit the swing and the slew-rate requirements of all internal nodes. Realized in a 0.18- m 2P6M CMOS technology, the modulator provides 84-dB SNDR and 88-dB dynamic range in a signal bandwidth of 100 kHz and clock at 3.2 MHz. The 1.5-V supplied prototype dissipates 140 W with a FoM of 54 fJ/conversion-level. Index Terms—Analog–digital conversion, mixed analog–dig-ital integrated circuits, noise shaping, operational amplifier, sigma-delta modulation, switched-capacitor circuits. I