Systems/Circuits Structured Synaptic Inhibition Has a Critical Role in Multiple-Choice Motion-Discrimination Tasks

Neural network models have been constructed to explore the underlying neural mechanisms for decision-making in multiple-choice motion-discrimination tasks. Despite great progressmade, several key experimental observations have not been interpreted. In contrast to homogeneous connectivity between pyramidal cells and interneurons in previousmodels, here their connectivity is totally structured in a continuous recurrent network model. Specifically, we assume two types of inhibitory connectivity: opposite-feature and similar-feature inhibition, representing that the connectivity strengthhas amaximumbetweenneural pairswithopposite and identical preferred directions, respectively.With a commonparameter set, themodel accounted for awide variety of physiological and behavioral data from monkeyexperiments, including those thatpreviousmodels failed to reproduce.We found that theopposite-feature inhibitionendows the decision-making circuit with an elimination strategy, which effectively reduces the number of choice alternatives for inspection to speed up the decision process at the cost of decision accuracy. Conversely, the similar-feature inhibition markedly enhances the ability of the network to make a choice among multiple options and improves the accuracy of decisions, while slowing down the decision process. A simplifiedmean-fieldmodel was also presented to analytically characterize the effect of structured inhibition on fine discrimination.We made a testable prediction: only the combination of cross-feature and similar-feature inhibition enables the circuit tomake a categorical choice among 12 alternatives. Together, the current work highlights the importance of structured synaptic inhibition inmultiple-choice decision-making processes and sheds light on the neural mechanisms for visual motion perception