Contract Bridge Bidding by Learning

Contract bridge is an example of an incomplete information game for which computers typically do not perform better than expert human bridge players. In particular, the typi-cal bidding decisions of human bridge players are difficult to mimic with a computer program, and thus automatic bridge bidding remains to be a challenging research problem. Cur-rently, the possibility of automatic bidding without mimick-ing human players has not been fully studied. In this work, we take an initiative to study such a possibility for the specific problem of bidding without competition. We propose a novel learning framework to let a computer program learn its own bidding decisions. The framework transforms the bidding problem into a learning problem, and then solves the problem with a carefully designed model that consists of cost-sensitive classifiers and upper-confidence-bound algorithms. We vali-date the proposed model and find that it performs competi-tively to the champion computer bridge program that mimics human bidding decisions.