for

tical form ene-dope eform the key issues in the development of SOFCs that run on process, compared with a general steam reforming pro-Solid State Ionics 166 (2004tems will therefore require a fuel processing system, such as steam reforming and partial oxidation [8], which will convert hydrocarbons to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide before feeding to SOFC stacks. While steam reforming or partial oxidation is effective in avoiding carbon deposition, it increases the operating cost and reduces the energy efficiency. For example, a methane can be directly used as fuel for Ni-GDC anode-based SOFCs at low temperatures ( < 650 jC) without carbon deposition. Thus, pre-reforming could be a crucia