ARTICLE Enhanced Arsenic Accumulation by Engineered Yeast Cells Expressing in

gra ce OI 1 t al., 1998). Arsenic exists as As(III), with the latter being an, 1998). Their toxicity is ntavalent arsenate As(V) for trivalent As(III) for protein d DNA–DNA cross-linking. ed that As(III) acts as an o hormone receptors inter-(Kaltreider et al., 2001). of reactive oxygen species, ds, and DNA, is probably the icity (Liu et al., 2001). e regulatory limit of arsenic 10 ppb. Conventional wate