R.M.: Push or delay? decomposing smartphone notification response behaviour

Abstract. Smartphone notifications are often delivered without consid-ering user interruptibility, potentially causing frustration for the recipi-ent. Therefore research in this area has concerned finding contexts where interruptions are better received. The typical convention for monitoring interruption behaviour assumes binary actions, where a response is ei-ther completed or not at all. However, in reality a user may partially respond to an interruption, such as reacting to an audible alert or ex-ploring which application caused it. Consequently we present a multi-step model of interruptibility that allows assessment of both partial and com-plete notification responses. Through a 6-month in-the-wild case study of 11,346 to-do list reminders from 93 users, we find support for reduc-ing false-negative classification of interruptibility. Additionally, we find that different response behaviour is correlated with different contexts and that these behaviours are predictable with similar accuracy to complete responses