Cell resilience in species life spans: a link to inflammation?

Species differences in life span have been attributed to cellular survival during various stressors, designated here as ‘cell resilience’. In primary fibroblast cultures, cell resil-ience during exposure to free radicals, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, and various toxins has shown generally consistent correlations with the species characteristic life spans of birds and mammals. However, the mechanistic links of cell resilience in fibroblast cultures to different species life spans are poorly understood. We propose that certain experimental stressors are relevant to somatic damage in vivo during inflammatory responses of innate immunity, particularly, resistance to reactive oxygen spe-cies (ROS), low glucose, and hyperthermia. According to this hypothesis, somatic cell resilience determines species differences in longevity during repeated infections and traumatic injuries in the natural environment. Infections and injury expose local fibroblasts and other cells to ROS generated by macrophages and to local temperature ele-vations. Systemically, acute phase immune reactions cause hypoglycemia and hyperthermia. We propose that cell resilience to somatic stressors incurred in inflamma-tion is important in the evolution of longevity and that longer-lived species are specifically more resistant to immune-related stressors. This hypothesis further speci-fies Kirkwood’s disposable soma theory. We suggest expanding the battery of stressors and markers used for comparative studies to additional cell types and addi-tional parameters relevant to host defense and to their ecological specificities. Key words: fibroblast; inflammation; lifespan; species