Keywords:

Ices, mechanical properties Geological processes e re e h ati allel to the regional topographic gradient. This parallel relationship implies that the gradient of gravita-tional potential energy drove the SPT motion. In map view, internal deformation of the SPT is expressed with Spencer et al., 2009; Spencer and Nimmo, 2013). Because of this, understanding how the TSF were initiated and evolved is essential for determining the controlling mechanisms of active geologic pro-cesses and plume eruptions on Enceladus. In addition, as the SPT shares similarities in first-order structural style to that of the 2008), (4) non-ve a globa attenhorn, et al., 201 subsequent kinematic evolution of the TSF after their in has been related to processes similar to those operated along gent plate boundaries (Helfenstein et al., 2008) or strike-slip ing with alternating senses of motion driven by cyclic tidal stress (Nimmo et al., 2007; Smith-Konter and Pappalardo, 2008). Extension along the proposed spreading centers at the TSF may be accommodated by deformation along the SPT margin (Helfenstein et al., 2006, 2008), which has been generally inferred to be entirely contractional (Porco et al., 2006; Spencer and ⇑ Corresponding author