Isogeometric collocation: Cost comparison with Galerkin methods and extension to adaptive hierarchical NURBS discretizations

We compare isogeometric collocation with isogeometric Galerkin and standard C0 finite element methods with respect to the cost of forming the matrix and residual vector, the cost of direct and iterative solvers, the accuracy versus degrees of freedom and the accu-racy versus computing time. On this basis, we show that isogeometric collocation has the potential to increase the computational efficiency of isogeometric analysis and to outper-form both isogeometric Galerkin and standard C0 finite element methods, when a specified level of accuracy is to be achieved with minimum computational cost. We then explore an adaptive isogeometric collocation method that is based on local hierarchical refinement of NURBS basis functions and collocation points derived from the corresponding multi-level Greville abscissae. We introduce the concept of weighted collocation that can be consistently developed from the weighted residual form and the two-scale relation of B-splines. Using weighted collocation in the transition regions between hierarchical levels, we are able to reliably handle coincident collocation points that naturally occur for multi-level Greville ab-scissae. The resulting method combines the favorable properties of isogeometric collocatio