An Investigation into the Conceptual Controversies between Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the oldest and best known research fields in computer science which is aimed at giving intelligence in machines. In spite of enormous effort geared towards AI, its boundary and interference to other fields are yet undefined. The controversy in AI’s boundary has bred some concepts which are in no practical sense different from the goal of AI. Most of these concepts are; computational intelligence (CI), soft computing (SC), natural computing (NC), machine learning (ML), approximating reasoning (AR), fuzzy logic (FL) and adaptive computing (AC). There is still not an objective boundary of these concepts. This paper investigates the conceptual controversies between AI and CI. AI and CI are major contending concepts that have posed confusions to researchers and students. We have cited some definitions and comments about AI and CI from trusted sources. After thorough analysis of the definitions and comments, our own view of what AI and CI are is presented. This paper does not give extensive information about AI and CI approaches, tools and applications. Our emphasis is in distinguishing AI from CI. An extensive bibliography is given for references