An Alternative Proposal for the Anomalous Acceleration

In 1998 supernova observations by astronomers led to the discovery of the Anomalous Acceleration (AA) of nearby galaxies. A best fit of the data to the two parameter family of Friedmann Spacetimes with curvature k and cosmological constant ⇤ led to the best fit model be-ing a critical k = 0 Friedmann space-time with ⌦ ⇤ ⇡.7. Cosmologists have thus hypothesized a repulsive anti-gravitational force coming from a cosmic vacuum energy, Dark Energy, accounting for approximately seventy percent of the energy density of the universe. By this inter-pretation, Dark Energy is represented by the addition of an extra term in the form of the cosmological constant to the right hand side of Ein-stein’s equations of General Relativity (GR). This is the only way to preserve the uniform Friedmann space-time in the presence of the ob-served accelerated expansion, and hence the only way to preserve the Cosmological Principle, that the earth is not in a special place in the universe. Dark Energy has never been observed. 2. Alternative Explanation for the Anomalous Acceleration The authors looked for an alternative explanation of the AA wholly within Einstein’s original equations and without the cosmological con-stant, and without Dark Energy, (c.f. [23]). Our Proposal: The AA is due to a local under-density on the scale of the supernova data, created by a self-similar wave from the radiation epoch that triggers an instability in the SM when the pressure drops to zero. The instability is characterized by a new (closed) asymptotic ansatz which we introduce for spherical under-dense perturbations of the SM when p = 0, [20, 22, 23]. We show that the resolution of the insta-bility, described to leading order by the phase portrait in Figure 1