DOI 10.1007/s00348-015-1950-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE A low‑cost, precise piezoelectric droplet‑on‑demand generator

repeatable experiments require a reliable and precise drop-let generation technique. Repeatable droplet generation is also required for a number of diverse applications ranging from inkjet print-ing to liquid crystal display manufacturing (Fan et al. 2008). A variety of droplet-on-demand (DOD) generators are described in the literature, but most existing designs are complex, costly, and difficult to adopt for use in other stud-ies. Many systems are designed for the generation of drop-lets smaller than 500 μm in diameter (Bransky et al. 2009