and

GAI's recent investigation of the East Steubenville Site (46BR31) provided the first opportunity in nearly 50 years for detailed study of a Panhandle Archaic artifact assemblage from a shell midden site. Lithic analysis identified a variety of tool types including projectile points, bifaces, drills, cores, and unifaces. The lithic assemblage is dominated by the biface class, which includes a square-bit type not previously identified within the region. Due to the unusual preservation conditions afforded by the sites ' shell midden, a number of bone and antler tools were recovered, providing the first opportunity to characterize bone and antler tool industries from a Panhandle Archaic site. In this paper, we review the results of the lithic, bone, and antler analysis and present a preliminary interpretation of Panhandle Archaic technologies