Challenges for the 21st Century

Voluntary or forced, international migration is a global phenomenon that requires international cooperation among nations. M igration is an integral part of the world weknow today. The United States was, and stillis, built on migration; without migration inthe modern era there would be no European-Americans, African-Americans, or Asian-Americans. Colonial rule—also based on mi-gration—fundamentally altered the make-up of many African, Asian, and Caribbean states. In the small Caribbean republic of Trinidad and Tobago, nearly half the population is descended from migrants originally from India, while the other half originated in Africa. There are some Chinese and Euro-pean residents as well. South America received immigrants not only from Europe, but was also host to large numbers of Japanese migrants; as of 1972, nearly 800,000 people of Japanese descent lived in Latin America. Peru’s former presiden