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A key question that relates to the very broad and intensive use of metals is whether society needs to be concerned about long-term supplies of any or many of them. This is a many-faceted question that cannot be answered quickly or unequivocally. To address it, the Global Metal Flows Group envisions a series of six reports, of which this is the second-b one addressing opportunities, limits and infrastructure for metal recy-cling. This report follows the IRP’s fi rst report on recycling, which has demonstrated the status quo of global recycling rates for sixty metals. Product-Centric recycling is dis-cussed in this report by acknowl-edged experts. This approach is considered to be an essential enabler of resource effi ciency by increasing recycling rates. Due to complex functionality, modern products contain complex mixes of almost any imaginable metal, material and compound. This re-port provides a techno-economic, product design and physics basis to address the challenges of recy-cling these increasingly complex products in the 21st century